refactor: ♻️ new permission strategy part 2

.gitignore

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 debug/
 target/
 Cargo.lock
+cspell.json

migrations/20241204225135_create_user_table.up.sql

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 -- Add up migration script here
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "user"(
-    id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    user_id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
     surname VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
     gender boolean NOT NULL,
     birth_date DATE NOT NULL,
     role_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "role"(id),
     creation_time TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
-);
+);

migrations/20241204225143_create_post_table.up.sql

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 -- Add up migration script here
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "post"(
     creation_time TIMESTAMPTZ PRIMARY KEY UNIQUE NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
-    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user"(id),
+    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user"(user_id),
     post VARCHAR(8192) NOT NULL UNIQUE
-);
+);

migrations/20241204225151_create_comment_table.up.sql

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "comment"(
     creation_time TIMESTAMPTZ PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL UNIQUE DEFAULT NOW(),
     post_creation_time TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL REFERENCES "post"(creation_time),
-    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user"(id),
+    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user"(user_id),
     comment VARCHAR(8192) NOT NULL
-);
+);

migrations/20241204230240_create_post_interaction_table.up.sql

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "post_interaction"(
     interaction_time TIMESTAMPTZ PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL UNIQUE DEFAULT NOW(),
     post_creation_time TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL REFERENCES "post"(creation_time),
-    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user"(id),
+    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user"(user_id),
     interaction_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "interaction"(id)
-);
+);

migrations/20241204230248_create_comment_interaction_table.up.sql

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "comment_interaction"(
     interaction_time TIMESTAMPTZ PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL UNIQUE DEFAULT NOW(),
     comment_creation_time TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL REFERENCES "comment"(creation_time),
-    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user"(id),
+    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user"(user_id),
     interaction_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "interaction"(id)
-);
+);

migrations/20241215002127_user_contact.up.sql

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 -- Add up migration script here
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "user_contact"(
-    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user"(id),
+    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user"(user_id),
     contact_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "contact"(id),
     PRIMARY KEY (user_id, contact_id)
-);
+);

migrations/20250110224901_login.up.sql

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 -- Add up migration script here
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "login" (
-    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user" (id),
+    user_id BIGSERIAL NOT NULL REFERENCES "user" (user_id),
     token VARCHAR(1024) NOT NULL,
     token_creation_time TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW (),
     PRIMARY KEY (user_id, token)

src/database/user.rs

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ pub async fn create(
     sqlx::query_as!(
         User,
         r#"
-            INSERT INTO "user"(name, surname, gender, birth_date, role_id) 
+            INSERT INTO "user"(name, surname, gender, birth_date, role_id)
-            VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) 
+            VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5)
             RETURNING *
         "#,
         name,
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub async fn read(id: &i64, database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>) -> Result<User
     sqlx::query_as!(
         User,
         r#"
-            SELECT * FROM "user" WHERE "id" = $1
+            SELECT * FROM "user" WHERE "user_id" = $1
         "#,
         id
     )
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pub async fn update(
 ) -> Result<User, sqlx::Error> {
     sqlx::query_as!(User,
     r#"
-        UPDATE "user" SET "name" = $2, "surname" = $3, "gender" = $4, "birth_date" = $5, "role_id" = $6 WHERE "id" = $1
+        UPDATE "user" SET "name" = $2, "surname" = $3, "gender" = $4, "birth_date" = $5, "role_id" = $6 WHERE "user_id" = $1
         RETURNING *
     "#, id, name, surname, gender, birth_date, role_id).fetch_one(database_connection).await
 }
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub async fn delete(id: &i64, database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>) -> Result<Us
     sqlx::query_as!(
         User,
         r#"
-        DELETE FROM "user" WHERE "id" = $1
+        DELETE FROM "user" WHERE "user_id" = $1
         RETURNING *
     "#,
         id
@@ -157,13 +157,13 @@ pub async fn read_all_for_gender(
 pub async fn read_all_id(database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>) -> Result<Vec<i64>, sqlx::Error> {
     Ok(sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT "id" FROM "user"
+            SELECT "user_id" FROM "user"
         "#,
     )
     .fetch_all(database_connection)
     .await?
     .iter()
-    .map(|record| record.id)
+    .map(|record| record.user_id)
     .collect::<Vec<i64>>())
 }
 
@@ -173,14 +173,14 @@ pub async fn read_all_id_for_name(
 ) -> Result<Vec<i64>, sqlx::Error> {
     Ok(sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT "id" FROM "user" WHERE "name" = $1
+            SELECT "user_id" FROM "user" WHERE "name" = $1
         "#,
         name
     )
     .fetch_all(database_connection)
     .await?
     .iter()
-    .map(|record| record.id)
+    .map(|record| record.user_id)
     .collect::<Vec<i64>>())
 }
 
@@ -190,14 +190,14 @@ pub async fn read_all_id_for_surname(
 ) -> Result<Vec<i64>, sqlx::Error> {
     Ok(sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT "id" FROM "user" WHERE "surname" = $1
+            SELECT "user_id" FROM "user" WHERE "surname" = $1
         "#,
         surname
     )
     .fetch_all(database_connection)
     .await?
     .iter()
-    .map(|record| record.id)
+    .map(|record| record.user_id)
     .collect::<Vec<i64>>())
 }
 
@@ -207,14 +207,14 @@ pub async fn read_all_id_for_birth_date(
 ) -> Result<Vec<i64>, sqlx::Error> {
     Ok(sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT "id" FROM "user" WHERE "birth_date" = $1
+            SELECT "user_id" FROM "user" WHERE "birth_date" = $1
         "#,
         birth_date
     )
     .fetch_all(database_connection)
     .await?
     .iter()
-    .map(|record| record.id)
+    .map(|record| record.user_id)
     .collect::<Vec<i64>>())
 }
 
@@ -224,14 +224,14 @@ pub async fn read_all_id_for_role(
 ) -> Result<Vec<i64>, sqlx::Error> {
     Ok(sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT "id" FROM "user" WHERE "role_id" = $1
+            SELECT "user_id" FROM "user" WHERE "role_id" = $1
         "#,
         role_id
     )
     .fetch_all(database_connection)
     .await?
     .iter()
-    .map(|record| record.id)
+    .map(|record| record.user_id)
     .collect::<Vec<i64>>())
 }
 
@@ -241,21 +241,21 @@ pub async fn read_all_id_for_gender(
 ) -> Result<Vec<i64>, sqlx::Error> {
     Ok(sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT "id" FROM "user" WHERE "gender" = $1
+            SELECT "user_id" FROM "user" WHERE "gender" = $1
         "#,
         gender
     )
     .fetch_all(database_connection)
     .await?
     .iter()
-    .map(|record| record.id)
+    .map(|record| record.user_id)
     .collect::<Vec<i64>>())
 }
 
 pub async fn count_all(database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>) -> Result<u64, sqlx::Error> {
     sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT COUNT(id) FROM "user"
+            SELECT COUNT(user_id) FROM "user"
         "#,
     )
     .fetch_one(database_connection)
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ pub async fn count_all_for_name(
 ) -> Result<u64, sqlx::Error> {
     sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT COUNT(id) FROM "user" WHERE "name" = $1
+            SELECT COUNT(user_id) FROM "user" WHERE "name" = $1
         "#,
         name
     )
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pub async fn count_all_for_surname(
 ) -> Result<u64, sqlx::Error> {
     sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT COUNT(id) FROM "user" WHERE "surname" = $1
+            SELECT COUNT(user_id) FROM "user" WHERE "surname" = $1
         "#,
         surname
     )
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ pub async fn count_all_for_birth_date(
 ) -> Result<u64, sqlx::Error> {
     sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT COUNT(id) FROM "user" WHERE "birth_date" = $1
+            SELECT COUNT(user_id) FROM "user" WHERE "birth_date" = $1
         "#,
         birth_date
     )
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ pub async fn count_all_for_role(
 ) -> Result<u64, sqlx::Error> {
     sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT COUNT(id) FROM "user" WHERE "role_id" = $1
+            SELECT COUNT(user_id) FROM "user" WHERE "role_id" = $1
         "#,
         role_id
     )
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ pub async fn count_all_for_gender(
 ) -> Result<u64, sqlx::Error> {
     sqlx::query!(
         r#"
-            SELECT COUNT(id) FROM "user" WHERE "gender" = $1
+            SELECT COUNT(user_id) FROM "user" WHERE "gender" = $1
         "#,
         gender
     )

src/error.rs

@@ -51,3 +51,22 @@ impl std::error::Error for ForumMailError {
         self.source()
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum ForumAuthError {
+    TokenRefreshTimeOver,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ForumAuthError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            ForumAuthError::TokenRefreshTimeOver => write!(f, "Token Refresh Time is Over"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for ForumAuthError {
+    fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn std::error::Error> {
+        self.source()
+    }
+}

src/feature/auth.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ use crate::{
     ONE_TIME_PASSWORDS,
 };
 
+use super::user::User;
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct OneTimePassword {
     pub user_id: i64,
@@ -18,19 +20,15 @@ impl OneTimePassword {
         RwLock::new(vec![])
     }
 
-    pub async fn new(
+    pub async fn new(user: &User, user_email: &String) -> Result<(), ForumMailError> {
-        user_id: &i64,
-        user_name: &String,
-        user_email: &String,
-    ) -> Result<(), ForumMailError> {
         let one_time_password = "123".to_owned();
         let new_self = Self {
-            user_id: *user_id,
+            user_id: user.user_id,
             one_time_password,
         };
 
         let mail_template =
-            MailTemplate::OneTimePassword(MailFieldsOneTimePassword::new(user_name, &new_self));
+            MailTemplate::OneTimePassword(MailFieldsOneTimePassword::new(&user.name, &new_self));
 
         mail_template.send_mail(user_email).await?;
 

src/feature/login.rs

@@ -2,18 +2,20 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use jwt_simple::{
-    claims::Claims,
+    claims::{Claims, JWTClaims},
     common::VerificationOptions,
     prelude::{HS256Key, MACLike},
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use sqlx::{Pool, Postgres};
 
-use crate::{database::login, SERVER_CONFIG};
+use crate::{database::login, error::ForumAuthError, SERVER_CONFIG};
+
+use super::user::User;
 
 static TOKEN_META: LazyLock<TokenMeta> = LazyLock::new(TokenMeta::init);
 
-struct TokenMeta {
+pub struct TokenMeta {
     token_key: HS256Key,
     token_verification_options: Option<VerificationOptions>,
 }
@@ -30,27 +32,28 @@ impl TokenMeta {
         }
     }
 
-    async fn create_token() -> Option<String> {
+    async fn create_token(user_id: &i64) -> Option<String> {
         let key = &TOKEN_META.token_key;
-        let claims = Claims::create(jwt_simple::prelude::Duration::from_mins(
+
-            SERVER_CONFIG.login_token_expiration_time_limit as u64,
+        let claims = Claims::with_custom_claims(
-        ));
+            *user_id,
+            jwt_simple::prelude::Duration::from_mins(
+                SERVER_CONFIG.login_token_expiration_time_limit as u64,
+            ),
+        );
+
         let token = key.authenticate(claims).unwrap();
         match TokenMeta::verify_token(&token).await {
-            true => Some(token),
+            Ok(_) => Some(token),
-            false => None,
+            Err(_) => None,
         }
     }
 
-    async fn verify_token(token: &String) -> bool {
+    pub async fn verify_token(token: &String) -> Result<JWTClaims<i64>, jwt_simple::Error> {
         let token_meta = &TOKEN_META;
         token_meta
             .token_key
-            .verify_token::<jwt_simple::prelude::NoCustomClaims>(
+            .verify_token::<i64>(token, token_meta.token_verification_options.clone())
-                token,
-                token_meta.token_verification_options.clone(),
-            )
-            .is_ok()
     }
 }
 
@@ -66,7 +69,9 @@ impl Login {
         user_id: &i64,
         database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>,
     ) -> Result<Login, sqlx::Error> {
-        let token = TokenMeta::create_token()
+        User::read(user_id, database_connection).await?;
+
+        let token = TokenMeta::create_token(user_id)
             .await
             .expect("Should not panic if it isn't configured wrong");
         login::create(user_id, &token, database_connection).await
@@ -77,6 +82,8 @@ impl Login {
         token: &String,
         database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>,
     ) -> Result<Login, sqlx::Error> {
+        User::read(user_id, database_connection).await?;
+
         login::read(user_id, token, database_connection).await
     }
 
@@ -84,21 +91,21 @@ impl Login {
         user_id: &i64,
         token: &String,
         database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>,
-    ) -> Result<Login, sqlx::Error> {
+    ) -> Result<Login, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         let login = Login::read(user_id, token, database_connection).await?;
-
         match TokenMeta::verify_token(token).await {
-            true => Ok(login),
+            Ok(_) => Ok(login),
-            false => {
+            Err(_) => {
                 if DateTime::<Utc>::default()
                     .signed_duration_since(&login.token_creation_time)
                     .num_minutes()
                     <= SERVER_CONFIG.login_token_refresh_time_limit as i64
                 {
                     Login::delete(user_id, token, database_connection).await?;
-                    Login::create(user_id, database_connection).await
+                    let login = Login::create(user_id, database_connection).await?;
-                } else {
                     Ok(login)
+                } else {
+                    Err(Box::new(ForumAuthError::TokenRefreshTimeOver))
                 }
             }
         }

src/feature/user.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub struct Contact {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct User {
-    pub id: i64,
+    pub user_id: i64,
     pub name: String,
     pub surname: String,
     pub gender: bool,
@@ -33,12 +33,15 @@ impl User {
         user::create(name, surname, gender, birth_date, database_connection).await
     }
 
-    pub async fn read(id: &i64, database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>) -> Result<User, sqlx::Error> {
+    pub async fn read(
-        user::read(id, database_connection).await
+        user_id: &i64,
+        database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>,
+    ) -> Result<User, sqlx::Error> {
+        user::read(user_id, database_connection).await
     }
 
     pub async fn update(
-        id: &i64,
+        user_id: &i64,
         name: &String,
         surname: &String,
         gender: &bool,
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ impl User {
         database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>,
     ) -> Result<User, sqlx::Error> {
         user::update(
-            id,
+            user_id,
             name,
             surname,
             gender,
@@ -59,10 +62,10 @@ impl User {
     }
 
     pub async fn delete(
-        id: &i64,
+        user_id: &i64,
         database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>,
     ) -> Result<User, sqlx::Error> {
-        user::delete(id, database_connection).await
+        user::delete(user_id, database_connection).await
     }
 
     pub async fn read_all(database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>) -> Result<Vec<User>, sqlx::Error> {
@@ -183,4 +186,62 @@ impl User {
     ) -> Result<u64, sqlx::Error> {
         user::count_all_for_gender(gender, database_connection).await
     }
+
+    pub async fn is_builder(user: &User) -> bool {
+        if user.role_id == 0 {
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn is_admin(user: &User) -> bool {
+        if user.role_id == 1 {
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn is_banned(user: &User) -> bool {
+        if user.role_id == -1 {
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn is_builder_or_admin(user: &User) -> bool {
+        if user.role_id == 0 || user.role_id == 1 {
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn is_self(user: &User, target_user: &User) -> bool {
+        if user.user_id == target_user.user_id {
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn is_higher(user: &User, target_user: &User) -> bool {
+        if user.user_id >= 0 {
+            if user.user_id < target_user.user_id {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub async fn is_higher_or_self(user: &User, target_user: &User) -> bool {
+        if User::is_self(user, target_user).await {
+            true
+        } else {
+            User::is_higher(user, target_user).await
+        }
+    }
 }

src/routing.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ pub mod comment_interaction;
 pub mod contact;
 pub mod interaction;
 pub mod login;
+pub mod middleware;
 pub mod post;
 pub mod post_interaction;
 pub mod role;
@@ -18,6 +19,10 @@ use crate::{database, AppState};
 pub async fn route(concurrency_limit: &usize, State(app_state): State<AppState>) -> Router {
     Router::new()
         .route("/", get(alive))
+        .route_layer(axum::middleware::from_fn_with_state(
+            app_state.clone(),
+            middleware::pass,
+        ))
         .nest(
             "/roles",
             role::route(axum::extract::State(app_state.clone())),
@@ -59,7 +64,7 @@ pub async fn route(concurrency_limit: &usize, State(app_state): State<AppState>)
         .with_state(app_state)
 }
 
-async fn alive(State(app_state): State<AppState>) -> impl IntoResponse {
+pub async fn alive(State(app_state): State<AppState>) -> impl IntoResponse {
     match database::is_alive(&app_state.database_connection).await {
         true => StatusCode::OK,
         false => StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,

src/routing/middleware.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use axum::{
+    body::{to_bytes, Body},
+    extract::{Request, State},
+    http::{self, StatusCode},
+    middleware::Next,
+    response::IntoResponse,
+};
+use sqlx::{Pool, Postgres};
+
+use crate::{
+    feature::{login::TokenMeta, user::User},
+    AppState,
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct UserAndRequest {
+    user: User,
+    request: Request,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct UserAndTargetUserAndRequest {
+    user: User,
+    target_user: User,
+    request: Request,
+}
+
+async fn user_extraction(
+    request: Request,
+    database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>,
+) -> Option<UserAndRequest> {
+    if let Some(authorization_header) = request.headers().get(http::header::AUTHORIZATION) {
+        if let Ok(authorization_header) = authorization_header.to_str() {
+            if let Some((bearer, authorization_header)) = authorization_header.split_once(' ') {
+                if bearer == "bearer" {
+                    if let Ok(claims) =
+                        TokenMeta::verify_token(&authorization_header.to_string()).await
+                    {
+                        return Some(UserAndRequest {
+                            user: User::read(&claims.custom, database_connection).await.ok()?,
+                            request,
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+async fn target_user_extraction_from_json(
+    json: &serde_json::Value,
+    database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>,
+) -> Option<User> {
+    if let Some(target_user_id) = json.get("user_id") {
+        if target_user_id.is_i64() {
+            if let Some(target_user_id) = target_user_id.as_i64() {
+                return User::read(&target_user_id, database_connection).await.ok();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+async fn user_and_target_user_extraction(
+    request: Request,
+    database_connection: &Pool<Postgres>,
+) -> Option<UserAndTargetUserAndRequest> {
+    let user_and_request = user_extraction(request, database_connection).await?;
+    let user = user_and_request.user;
+    let request = user_and_request.request;
+
+    let (parts, body) = request.into_parts();
+    let bytes = to_bytes(body, usize::MAX).await.ok()?;
+    let json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).ok()?;
+
+    let body = Body::from(json.to_string());
+    let request = Request::from_parts(parts, body);
+
+    Some(UserAndTargetUserAndRequest {
+        user,
+        target_user: target_user_extraction_from_json(&json, database_connection).await?,
+        request,
+    })
+}
+
+pub async fn pass(
+    State(app_state): State<AppState>,
+    request: Request,
+    next: Next,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, StatusCode> {
+    match user_extraction(request, &app_state.database_connection).await {
+        Some(user_and_request) => {
+            let user = Arc::new(user_and_request.user);
+            let mut request = user_and_request.request;
+
+            request.extensions_mut().insert(user);
+
+            Ok(next.run(request).await)
+        }
+        None => Err(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN),
+    }
+}
+
+pub async fn pass_builder(
+    State(app_state): State<AppState>,
+    request: Request,
+    next: Next,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, StatusCode> {
+    if let Some(user_and_request) = user_extraction(request, &app_state.database_connection).await {
+        let user = user_and_request.user;
+        let mut request = user_and_request.request;
+
+        if User::is_builder(&user).await {
+            let user = Arc::new(user);
+            request.extensions_mut().insert(user);
+
+            return Ok(next.run(request).await);
+        }
+    }
+    Err(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN)
+}
+
+pub async fn pass_admin(
+    State(app_state): State<AppState>,
+    request: Request,
+    next: Next,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, StatusCode> {
+    if let Some(user_and_request) = user_extraction(request, &app_state.database_connection).await {
+        let user = user_and_request.user;
+        let mut request = user_and_request.request;
+
+        if User::is_admin(&user).await {
+            let user = Arc::new(user);
+            request.extensions_mut().insert(user);
+
+            return Ok(next.run(request).await);
+        }
+    }
+    Err(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN)
+}
+
+pub async fn pass_builder_or_admin(
+    State(app_state): State<AppState>,
+    request: Request,
+    next: Next,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, StatusCode> {
+    if let Some(user_and_request) = user_extraction(request, &app_state.database_connection).await {
+        let user = user_and_request.user;
+        let mut request = user_and_request.request;
+
+        if User::is_builder_or_admin(&user).await {
+            let user = Arc::new(user);
+            request.extensions_mut().insert(user);
+
+            return Ok(next.run(request).await);
+        }
+    }
+    Err(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN)
+}
+
+pub async fn pass_self(
+    State(app_state): State<AppState>,
+    request: Request,
+    next: Next,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, StatusCode> {
+    if let Some(user_and_target_user_and_request) =
+        user_and_target_user_extraction(request, &app_state.database_connection).await
+    {
+        let user = user_and_target_user_and_request.user;
+        let target_user = user_and_target_user_and_request.target_user;
+        let mut request = user_and_target_user_and_request.request;
+
+        if User::is_self(&user, &target_user).await {
+            let user = Arc::new(user);
+            request.extensions_mut().insert(user);
+
+            return Ok(next.run(request).await);
+        }
+    }
+    Err(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN)
+}
+
+pub async fn pass_higher(
+    State(app_state): State<AppState>,
+    request: Request,
+    next: Next,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, StatusCode> {
+    if let Some(user_and_target_user_and_request) =
+        user_and_target_user_extraction(request, &app_state.database_connection).await
+    {
+        let user = user_and_target_user_and_request.user;
+        let target_user = user_and_target_user_and_request.target_user;
+        let mut request = user_and_target_user_and_request.request;
+
+        if User::is_higher(&user, &target_user).await {
+            let user = Arc::new(user);
+            request.extensions_mut().insert(user);
+
+            return Ok(next.run(request).await);
+        }
+    }
+    Err(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN)
+}
+
+pub async fn pass_higher_or_self(
+    State(app_state): State<AppState>,
+    request: Request,
+    next: Next,
+) -> Result<impl IntoResponse, StatusCode> {
+    if let Some(user_and_target_user_and_request) =
+        user_and_target_user_extraction(request, &app_state.database_connection).await
+    {
+        let user = user_and_target_user_and_request.user;
+        let target_user = user_and_target_user_and_request.target_user;
+        let mut request = user_and_target_user_and_request.request;
+
+        if User::is_higher_or_self(&user, &target_user).await {
+            let user = Arc::new(user);
+            request.extensions_mut().insert(user);
+
+            return Ok(next.run(request).await);
+        }
+    }
+    Err(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN)
+}